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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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031389
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1990-09-22
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EDUCATION, Page 54The Fight over School ChoiceShould parents decide where their children are taught?
Detroit's new school-board president, a black, Harvard-educated
lawyer named Lawrence Patrick, is in favor of it. So are Sharlyn
and Charles Dahl, a white Minnesota couple who are considering
ferrying their son across district lines next fall to escape their
school's financial problems. But other parents and educators
throughout the U.S. are against it, including the four black
members of the Boston school committee. Last week those members
tried and failed to defeat a new plan that will allow Boston's
parents to choose where their children go to school, as long as
racial balance is maintained.
Choice. The idea sounds so compelling compared with the
tyrannical grip most public schools have over families. But it is
a policy that excites divergent passions. "No school district can
please all students all the time," Minnesota Governor Rudy Perpich
told educators who gathered in Minneapolis two weeks ago. "But
without choice, school districts have little incentive to change."
Currently most school districts tell parents which public
school their children must attend. It could be a school down the
block or one across town in need of better racial balance. The
problem, critics argue, is that parents have no say, and even bad
schools are rewarded with full student bodies and tax revenues.
That is beginning to change. In locations as diverse as New York's
East Harlem, San Francisco and Cambridge, Mass., parents are now
free to select what they judge to be the best public school in
their district. Minnesota goes even further. It is phasing in a
plan that by 1990 will allow students to attend virtually any
public school in the state. More than 20 other states have passed
or are considering bills that would permit students to patronize
the best schools and flee substandard ones. Naturally, the most
popular schools get the most money.
One of the biggest backers of choice is George Bush, who has
called it a "national imperative." Choice, as Bush uses it, focuses
on two major plans: magnet schools and open enrollment. In his
budget address last month, the President proposed that Congress
authorize $100 million annually to develop magnet schools, so
called because they attract students by developing specialties in
areas like drama, creative writing, science and math.
Open enrollment, the more common type of choice program,
requires no federal dollars. States, cities and school districts
simply give parents permission to move their children from schools
they do not like to ones they do. Under some open-enrollment plans,
parents are limited to the choices located in their district; under
others, they can select from among schools in neighboring districts
as well. In either case, the desire for racial balance can restrict
the choice of schools.
Liberals like choice because it gives underprivileged students
a chance for a better education. Conservatives like it because it
is cheap, fosters competition among schools, and transfers power
from administrators to parents. Says Chester Finn Jr., an Assistant
Secretary of Education under Ronald Reagan: "Choice has everything
going for it, and nothing against it."
Not quite. Critics say the policy is racist and unfair,
encouraging the most motivated parents and students to take their
talents and tax dollars out of inner-city schools, which are
predominantly African American and Hispanic. The hemorrhage leaves
these schools with the neediest students and fewer resources with
which to help them.
Minnesota, which has a small minority population, started the
nation's first statewide open-enrollment plan this school year. So
far, 435 students have transferred out of their home districts,
taking $2,755 per pupil in state-tax revenues to their new
destinations. More than 2,500 others have applied to cross district
lines starting in September. In racially divided Massachusetts,
however, a similar proposal has run into strong opposition from
minority groups. Magnet schools often fare better. Since 1974, such
facilities in East Harlem have lured thousands of students into the
district and boosted its rank in reading scores from last to 16th
out of 32 New York City districts.
Some politicians and parents see choice as a panacea for the
ills of public education, but most educators view it as only one
of many necessary tools. "Choice is a nice initiative, but it's not
the answer," says California's superintendent of public
instruction, Bill Honig. "It's the day-to-day support for reform
that is important to improving education." And improving education,
as President Bush well knows, will cost money.